R A M A Y A N A

Ramayana was taken from the story that really happened in the mainland India. At that time the land was defeated by India Indian Ocean which is also called the land of Sri Lanka or Rare, which in puppet called Lanka. Rama is the hero character Indian country land, which then managed to collect people's power is described as a monkey army led King Sugriva. Land was seized by the authorities described as the Goddess of Lanka Sprott (in Sanskrit means the land). In the colonization of other countries, generally all state regulations and culture of a nation would be easy to change and change order, which described the form of doubtful purity Sprott doubt.

So after Sinta released, he then starch Obong, which means that Indian domestic situation began to be addressed, by changing the rules and eliminate the culture of the former colonizers who had developed in India. actually taken from the story that really happened in mainland India. At that time the land was defeated by India Indian Ocean which is also called the land of Sri Lanka or Rare, which in puppet called Lanka. Rama is the hero character Indian country land, which then managed to collect people's power is described as a monkey army led King Sugriva. Land was seized by the authorities described as the Goddess of Lanka Sprott (in Sanskrit means the land). In the colonization of other countries, generally all state regulations and culture of a nation would be easy to change and change order, which described the form of doubtful purity Sprott doubt. So after Sinta released, he then starch Obong, which means that Indian domestic situation began to be addressed, by changing the rules and eliminate the culture of the former colonizers who had developed in India.

In the literary treasures of ancient Javanese Ramayana, the version Kakawin (sourced from Indian literature VI and VII century entitled Ravanavadha / death of Ravana, prepared by the poet Bhatti and his literary work is often called Bhattikavya) and the prose version (probably derived from the last book of the Epic Valmiki namely Uttarakanda from India), a brief story of the Ramayana begins with a man named Rama, the crown prince, King Dasaratha of Kosala with its capital at Ayodya. Three stepbrother named Barata, Lakshmana and Satrukna. Rama was born of Dasaratha's first wife named Kausala, Barata from both named Kaikeyi wife and Lakshman from his wife and three Satrukna named Sumitra. They were living in harmony.

Since teenagers, Rama and Lakshmana to Wismamitra studied to become a tough young man. Rama then join the competition in Wideha capital Matila. Thanks to his success took a bow, King Janaka's heritage, he was rewarded with her oldest daughter called Sprott, while married to Urmila Lakshman, brother of Sinta.

After the old Dasaratha, Rama is planned to replace the king, failed after Kaikeyi reminded Dasaratha promised that the throne is entitled to Barata and Rama should be banished for 15 (fifteen) years. On the basis of promises that Rama gracefully go wandering into the woods Dandaka, although hindered or Barata own mother. Her departure was followed by Sprott and Lakshmana.

But make Dasaratha Rama's departure was sad and eventually died. To fill the void throne, royal officials agreed to lift Barata as king. But he refused, because it assumes that the throne belongs to Rama, his brother. For that accompanied parajurit Barata and punggawanya, meet Rama in the forest. We met his sister, Barata, crying tells about the death of Dasaratha and his mother will regret, for it was he and his punggawanya asked that Rama returned to Ayodya and ascended to the throne. But Rama refused and continued to implement the decree did not blame his father and his stepmother, Kaikeyi, and so willing to persuade Barata throne. After receiving the shoes of Rama, Barata back to the kingdom and promised to run the government as a representative of his brother

Many of the trials faced by Rama and Lakshmana, in his wanderings in the forest. They must face the giants of the forest surrounding the community troubling Kandaka it. The enemy is annoying Surpanaka, who wants raksesi Rama and Lakshmana became her husband. As a result, nose and ears cut down to the end Surpanaka by Lakshmana. With pain and shame, Surpanaka complained to his brother, the king Ravana who became giants in Lanka, while persuading to Ravana seized from the hands of Rama Sinta.

With the help of Marica who transformed herself into a golden deer, Sprott had been kidnapped and taken to Ravana's Lanka.
Bird Jatayu who tried to prevent, Ravana was killed by a weapon. Prior to the last breath breathed, Jatayu is still time to preach the fate of Rama and Sinta Lakshman are looking mencarinya.Dalam Sinta, Rama and the monkey lords met Admiral named Sugriva and Hanuman. They tied friendship in love and grief. With the help of Rama, Sugriva be reigning back in Kiskenda after successfully defeating a tyrant Vali. After that, Hanuman was ordered to help Rama find Sprott. With the monkey army led Anggada, son Vali, they went looking for Sprott.



The direction of Sempati, brother Jatayu, they headed to the south coast. To reach Lanka, Hanuman jumped from the top of the mountain Mahendra. Arriving in the capital of Lanka, Hanuman had met Sprott and reported that Rama would soon release him. On his return from Lanka, Hanuman reported to Rama. Invasion strategy was quickly compiled. The suggestion of Wibisana, Ravana's brother who defected to the forces of Rama, was made the bridge to Lanka. After the bridge so, berhamburanlah monkey troops invaded Lanka. Finally, Ravana and his army destroyed. Wibisana later crowned king of Lanka, replacing his brother who died in battle. Interestingly, and until now very popular in Java, is the teaching of how one should rule a kingdom or state from the Wibisana Rama, known as ASTHABRATA.

After successfully freeing Sprott, go Rama and Sinta and Lakshmana and the entire army (including the monkey army) to Ayodya. Arriving in the capital of Kosala's country, they were greeted with great fanfare by Barata, Satrukna, his mother Empress, his courtiers and the soldiers, and all the people of Kosala. In the presence of them, Rama then crowned king.

At the end of the story, there are striking differences between the two versions of the Old Javanese Ramayana. Kakawin version narrated, that Sprott suffered for not immediately accepted by Rama because it is considered tainted. Having successfully cleaned up from the flames, Sinta received. Explained by Rama, that the purification had to be done to eliminate prejudice upon his wife. They were happy.

Meanwhile, in the prose version, tells how Rama affected by people who doubt the sanctity of Sinta. Here Sinta pregnant at the Rama expelled from the palace. Sinta later gave birth to 2 (two) of twins Kusha and Lava. Then this story swallow diahiri with Sprott by Earth.

The story of Ramayana has many versions with different deviations story content, including in India itself. Their distribution in nearly a quarter of the world or at least in Southeast Asia. While in Indonesia, is known around 7 to 8 centuries ago, though actually in Indonesia can be found much earlier that before the 2nd century BC.

Ramayana from the original word which means pleasant Rama; attractive; graceful; beautiful; happy, and Yana means wandering. Estimated core story Ramayana written by Valmiki from India around 400 BC, the story begins between 500 BC and 200, and developed by various authors. The story of the Ramayana is a religious scriptures for Vishnu, the characters become a role model in life, truth, justice, heroism, friendship and love, namely: Rama, Sita, Leksmana Sugriwa, Hanuman, Wibisana. But here, we inform about the Java version of the Ramayana.

In an era when King Ancient Mataram Balitung (Sanjaya Dynasty) reigning, has no book of the Ramayana literature ancient Javanese (Kawi Java), does not have as the Valmiki Ramayana, is shorter, contains many teachings and he spoke beautifully. In the early tenth century the king made the temple to worship the god Shiva, the Prambanan Temple (temple was not finished until the death of the king, then continued by the successor of King Daksha) is at once a place he was buried, with relief of the Ramayana but the content is different from the Ramayana story is .

Old Javanese Ramayana has 2 (two) versions, namely Kakawin and Prose, which comes from the different Indian scripts, the difference was visible from the end of the story. Besides the two versions, there are others that Hikayat Sri Rama, Rama Keling and plays.

The more accepted story of Ramayana in Java, after the puppet show (wayang people, shadow puppets purwa including ballet). But he lost interest in puppets who take the Mahabharata story, because the view story did not represent the feelings of the laity (only appropriate for the Brahmans and Satria) even when examined more deeply, the Ramayana story is actually a symbol of struggle for independence of his country folk.

Ramayana story that could not win the hearts of the laity of Java as the Mahabharata, partly due to:

*

The story is filled with symbols and the advice of the lords of life and the ruler of the nation, the behavior and actions do not mingle in the hearts of the laity;
*

Ramayana is the king of the monkey with the people who his enemies a giant nation with the blind people breduwak and phantom;
*

The laity have a relative way of thinking is very simple, and hope to every story ends in happiness.

The interesting thing so far in Indonesia (Java) is the presence of a teaching philosophy contained in the Ramayana, is Rama's teachings to his enemy's brother named Gunawan Wibisana replacing his brother, Ravana, after the war in Lanka. The doctrine is known by the name Asthabrata, (which means eight astha and Brata which means teaching or behavior). who are teaching about how one should govern a nation or kingdom. The doctrine is also referred to can be seen in the picture Diaroma puppet in the Museum Purnabakti TMII (1994 AD), namely:

1.

Earth: it means being the leader of the nation should emulate the character of the earth or momot-mengku for Java, where the earth is a container for anything, good or bad, that diolahnya so useful to human life;
2.

Water: means an honest, clean and respectable, medicine and water thirsty thirsty thirsty science and welfare;
3.

Fire: it means a leader must be the encourager of the people, giver of power and punishment in a fair and firm;
4.

Wind: means to support and create a sense of cool for their people, always take the gaps in the complex as any, can be very gentle and humble and charming, but also hard to exceed the limits, always serving nature;
5.

Surya: means the giver of heat, light and Energie, so that there can be no life without the sun / the sun, set the time in the discipline;
6.

The moon: it means the moon is the giver of peace and happiness, full of love and dignity, but also eerie and creepy, not threatening but respected.
7.

Latitude: means giving good wishes to the people as high as the stars, but humble and not like a low profile, in addition to acknowledge the advantages of others;
8.

Overcast: it means giving protection and an umbrella, not a narrow view, a lot of knowledge about life and living, not absolute received reports from a happy, like giving a reward for achievement and fair to punish the offenders.

Prof. Dr. Porbatjaraka, an expert on the history and culture of Java, after reading the Ramayana Javanese Kakawin, commented: "This is the ancestral heritage of Java, which was valuable, enough to stock mystical life". In broad scope, the influence of Ramayana on Javanese philosophy of life can be known from the literature Jendra, Literature Cetha and Asthabrata.

Essence of literature is the science Jendra / highest teachings about salvation, contains the contents and value of Belief in God Almighty. But because this science is strictly confidential (not shared publicly for the full appreciation that sometimes difficult inner generally accepted as rational), it is not possible widely disseminated publicly. Before someone to absorb this knowledge he must first understand the micro and macro cosmos, so that has been presented, including through the puppet, just skin it. Literature Cetha (light) is about the role of teaching, the nature and behavior of the king. While Asthabrata described above.

Ramayana story appears in many versions, among others in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Thailand, China, Indonesia and India (where the origin story) itself. According to S. Dr.Soewito Wiryonagoro, in Indonesia there are at least 3 (three) versions of Ramayana Kakawin, which depicted in reliefs on temple walls like a temple and Prambanan Temple Lorojonggrang upgrading, and developing in society in the form of a drama. (Shadow puppets, drama and film).

Ramayana from the origin of the word Rama = fun / interesting / elegant / beautiful / happy and Yana means wandering., A story written by Valmiki in India around 400 BC, the Sanskrit language, which further developed by other writers, so at least there 3 (three) Indian version of the Ramayana story.

In ancient Mataram era, when King Balitung (Sanjaya dynasty) ruled, had no book of the Ramayana literature in Old Javanese (Kawi), which does not have as the Valmiki Ramayana.